What if my answers are correct?
If you find that all your answers match these, then your ability to identify and fix fragments is satisfactory.  Congratulations!

What if my answers are incorrect?
If you find that not all your answers match these, then try to figure out which sentence structures or patterns are confusing you and leading you astray.  If you can figure out what you are "not" seeing (for example, prehaps you are having difficulty determing if a set of words has both a subject and a verb), you are halfway to knowing what to look for.  You might want to work with a tutor in the Writing Lab to learn some alternative tricks for identifying and fixing fragments.

Answers to Exercise on Recognizing Phrase Fragments, p. 267

1. F
2. S
3. S
4. F
5. S
6. S
7. F
8. F
9. F
10. F

1. a. Boogie woogie is the most physical piano rhythm in the world of Jazz.

b. Boogie woogie is in the world of Jazz.  It is the most physical piano rhythm.
2. a. The word boogie comes from African-American slang and means to dance very rhythmically, using the whole body as opposed to only the feet and legs.

b. The word boogie comes from African-American slang and means to dance very rhythmically.  In this dance, one uses the whole body as opposed to only the feet and legs.
3. a. It is possible that boogie derives from the West African Kongo word mbugi, meaning “devilishly good.”

b. It is possible that boogie derives from the West African Kongo word mbugi.  This word means “devilishly good.”
4. a. Over the repeated, rocking left-hand rhythm, the right hand plays percussive phrases and chords.

b. The left hand plays a repeated, rocking rhythm.  The right hand plays percussive phrases and chords.
5. a. The style probably grew out of early blues accompaniments on banjo, guitar, or piano.

b. The style probably grew out of early blues accompaniments.  These accompaniments were played on banjo, guitar, or piano.
6. a. Considered low class during the first few decades of this century, boogie-woogie was generally confined to barrelhouses, dance halls, and houses of ill-repute.

b. Boogie-woogie was considered low class during the first few decades of this century.  It was generally confined to barrelhouses, dance halls, and houses of ill-repute.
7. a. In a Chicago dance hall brawl over a woman, Clarence “Pine Top” Smith (1904-1929) was shot dead only three months after he and recorded “Pine Top’s Boogie-Woogie.”

b. In a Chicago dance hall brawl over a woman, Clarence “Pine Top” Smith (1904-1929) was shot dead.  Three months earlier he had recorded “Pine Top’s Boogie-Woogie.”
8. a. “Pine Top’s Boogie-Woogie” gave the whole genre its name and also defined the main characteristics of the rocking style.

b. “Pine Top’s Boogie-Woogie” gave the whole genre its name.  It also defined the main characteristics of the rocking style.

1. F
2. F
3. S
4. F
5. S
6. F
7. F
8. S
9. F
10. F

1. a. The international craze for boogie-woogie began in the late 1930s when record executive John Hammond teamed Meade “Lux” Lewis with two other pianists for a performance at Carnegie Hall.

b. The international craze for boogie-woogie began in the late 1930s.  Record executive John Hammond teamed Meade “Lux” Lewis with two other pianists for a performance at Carnegie Hall.
2. a. Lewis, whose father was a Pullman porter, was washing cars for a living in a Chicago garage when Hammond discovered him.

b. Lewis’s father was a Pullman porter.  Lewis was washing cars for a living in a Chicago garage when Hammond discovered him.
3. a. The most poetic of the boogie pianists was Jimmy Yancey (1898-1951), who often played at a leisurely and contemplative tempo with great emotional eloquence.

b. The most poetic of the boogie pianists was Jimmy Yancey (1898-1951).  He often played at a leisurely and contemplative tempo with great emotional eloquence.
4. a. The popularity of boogie-woogie lasted through the Forties and into the Fifties as vocal and big band versions of the music extended its popularity.

b. The popularity of boogie-woogie lasted through the Forties and into the Fifties.  Vocal and big band versions of the music extended its popularity.
5. a. Though there were some fine later performances from Count Basie, Jay McShann, and Sam Price, blandness set in as the art became reduced to a commercial formula.

b. There were some fine later performances from Count Basie, Jay McShann, and Sam Price.  Blandness set in.  The art became reduced to a commercial formula.
6. a. However, the boogie rhythm, which is found in rock music, in the soul music of the Sixties, and in the jazz-rock-fusion music of the Seventies, has had a dynamic influence on various musical forms.

b. However, the boogie rhythm is found in rock music, in the soul music of the Sixties, and in the jazz-rock-fusion music of the Seventies.  It has had a dynamic influence on various musical forms.
7. a. The boogie rhythm also permeates the work of many major jazz musicians, including Thelonius Monk, whose beautiful slow blues “Misterioso” recalls the music of Jimmy Yancey.

b. The boogie rhythm also permeates the work of many major jazz musicians, including Thelonius Monk.  Monk’s beautiful slow blues “Misterioso” recalls the music of Jimmy Yancey.
8. a. Because the best work of the great originators has been reissued in recent years, boogie-woogie remains fresh and dynamic, to be enjoyed by future generations.

b. The best work of the great originators has been reissued in recent years.  Boogie-woogie remains fresh and dynamic, to be enjoyed by future generations.