SEMICOLONS
Memorize these rules:

• Rule 1: Use a semicolon to join one independent clause to another, whether with or without a transitional expression (a.k.a. conjunctive adverb).  (Cross reference notes from October 24.)
• Rule 2: (a variation of Comma Rule 1) Use a semicolon before a coordinating conjunction that joins two independent clauses together when the first independent clause already contains a comma.
• Rule 3: (a variation of Comma Rule 2) Place semicolons between items in a series when at least one of the items in the series contains a comma for some other reason.

• Use a colon to introduce a list or series, but make sure that the colon is placed at the end of an independent clause (which can stand on its own as a sentence).

• Rule 1: (a variation of Comma Rule 4) Use dashes around appositives that contain commas.
• Rule 2: Use dashes around non-essential interruptions that you want to emphasize.

Answers to Exercises
Click HERE to check your answers for the exercises on end marks and commas.