Principles of Biology : Quiz 12 Study Guide


We will take Quiz 12 on Wednesday, November 12. I recommend that you answer these questions yourself or with classmates. This not a graded assignment, nothing is to be turned in. These questions are just to help you prepare for this quiz.
Reading: You should read Chapter 12, up to Section 12.6 (Extensions to Mendel). This quiz will cover the basics of Mendelian Genetics.

This quiz ties in completely with the homework that is due on Wednesday. They are about the exact same stuff. The quiz will include genetic problems like the ones on the homework. The chapter in the book is an excellent presentation of these topics and includes clear examples. Be sure to view the genetics animations linked from the calendar.

You should know the following terms:
phenotype, genotype, homozygous, heterozygous, gene, allele, dominant allele, recessive allele, gene,  dominant phenotype, recesssive phenotype.

Questions to consider:
1) Who was Mendel? When (about) did he live? Where did he live? What did he do so that we are still talking about him?
2) How did Mendel's "particulate" theory of inheritance differ from the blending theory that so widely accepted?
3) What is "The Prinicple of Segregation?" (Hint: it's easy, the factors separate (or segregate!) during gamete formation.)
4) What is "The Principle of Independent Assortment?" (Hint: non-homologous chromosomes are put into gametes at random) see 12.3.
5) What is "linkage?" (Hint: when two genes are on the same chromosome, they do not follow the principle of independent assortment and they are said to be linked.)
6) Mendel studied 7 traits and found that they all assorted independently. How could this be the case?
7) For any trait, given the mechanism of inheritance, you should be able to diagram the phenotypes and/or genotypes (depending on the information given) and be able to solve problems concerning the trait with a Punnett table. This "sex table" -- as dubbed by the Bio 1 class of 2008 --- is a handy way of keeping information straight while exploring the possiblities of gametes combining.

8) What is a monohybrid cross?
9) What is a dihybrid cross?

10) What is PKU (phenylketonuria)? How do people get the disease? What damage does the disease cause? What are the symptoms? What is the biochemical explanation for the disease? What is the treatment? How does PKU illustrate the link between inheritance, DNA, protein, disease and mutation?

Note: you do not need to memorize any details of any Mendelian trait (except PKU). I will provide information like: In humans, albinism (the condition of lacking all brown/black pigment)  is inherited as a Mendelian recessive trait. Etc. In other words, I won't ask you about whether wrinkled peas is a dominant or recessive trait. The emphasis will be on you solving problems with a given set of genetic conditions.

I will post some "sample" problems  with answers --- similar to ones that I will put on the quiz --- on the web. This link will become live after I have posted them. In the meantime, work on your homework!

November 7,  4:00 p.m.