|
Lecture
Notes
Review for Exam #2
KEY WORDS AND STRUCTURES
For success on the exam, you should know all the following as well
as you know your own phone number:
| KEY
WORDS
(Each is linked to its list of key words.) |
KEY STRUCTURES | RELEVANT COMMA RULES |
| #1 prepositions |
|
after introductory stuff |
| #2 coordinating conjunctions |
|
between items
in a series (3+), and
before coordinating conjunctions FANBOYS that join a pair of (2) complete sentences |
| #3 relative pronouns |
|
after introductory stuff |
| #4 subordinating conjunctions |
|
around non-essential interrupting stuff |
| participles |
|
after introductory
stuff, and
around non-essential interrupting stuff |
| Ø (no key words) |
|
around non-essential interrupting stuff |
KEY STRUCTURES
Look for the following possible patterns in your
sentences.
#1 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
Somebody from somewhere did something. (no commas)#2 Coordinating Conjunctions
Before something, somebody did something. (comma after the introductory phrase)
Somebody and his friend did something. (no commas with most pairs)#3 Relative Pronouns and Adjective Clauses
Somebody, his friend, and somebody else did something. (commas between items in a series of three or more)
Somebody did something, and something else did something. (commas before the conjunction that joins a pair of sentences)
Somebody found something that somebody else forgot. (no commas)#4 Subordinating Conjunctions and Adverb Clauses
Somebody found that book, which somebody forgot. (commas around non-essential "which" clauses)
Somebody who did something did something else. (no commas)
John Smith, who did something, did something else. (commas around non-essential adjective clause)
Nobody did anything before it happened. (no commas)#5 Participles and Participle Phrases
Before it happened, nobody did anything. (comma after the introductory clause)
Doing something unexpected, somebody had an accident. (comma after the introductory phrase)#6 Appositives
Somebody doing something unexpected had an accident. (no commas)
John Smith, doing something unexpected, had an accident. (commas around non-essential phrase)
That person, somebody with a well-established reputation, did something unexpected. (commas around non-essential phrase)